# Key Terms ## Ethereum DA Layer 2 scaling solutions, such as rollups, reduce transaction costs and increase Ethereum's throughput by processing transactions off-chain and then posting them to the Ethereum mainnet in compressed batches. To Ethereum, the data availability problem is the need to prove to the whole network that these summarized form of transaction data really represents a set of valid transactions. ## Danksharding & EIP-4844 Danksharding is the full realization of the rollup scaling that will bring massive amounts of space on Ethereum for rollups to dump their compressed transaction data. EIP-4844 (a.k.a. Proto-Danksharding), as an intermediate step, introduces data blobs that can be sent and attached to blocks. The data in these blobs is not accessible to the EVM and is optionally deleted after a fixed period, which offers a more cost-effective solution compared to storing the data in calldata. ## Shard As the entire storage dataset can be potentially huge, it is evenly divided into multiple fixed-size partitions that are consecutively numbered, known as shards. Each shard contains non-overlapping data with independent mining parameters within the storage contract. A shard is sized appropriately so that it can be hosted by a home computer, e.g., 512GB or 1TB. --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://docs.ethstorage.io/readme/key-terms.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.